However, it would be wrong to say disputes and frictions have entirely disappeared. In November, a new "black-yellow" coalition government was established in Germany. The newly-appointed Minister of Economic Affairs immediately announced Germany was to suspend "development aid" to China. But the "development aid" provided by Germany to China is not what it used to be. It is not a one-sided gift to China, but a means to promote mutual cooperation and benefit. It would have been better for this issue to be discussed through official channels. In general, we can say that disputes and friction have their root cause in the different political systems, histories, cultures and traditions of the two countries. These are my views on how to handle these inevitable difficulties:

First, issues relating to political systems and ideology should be dealt with in the framework of international law and the principle of non-interference in each other's internal affairs. We respect European values, but they should respect our own. Making irresponsible remarks is not helpful for either bilateral relations or more generally, harmonious development in the world.

Second, globalization has shifted the relative economic strength of the two countries, with China now ranked third in the world in terms of GDP and topping the rankings in export volume. The changing situation seems to have led some people in Germany to lose their mental equilibrium. They blame China for "stealing" jobs and technology and affecting European relations with Africa. Some so exaggerate China's real strength that they regard China as a threat to Germany's security.

Third, negative reports in the German media are an obstacle to the development of friendly relations. These reports not only misrepresent China, but also damage the image of Germany in the eyes of many Chinese people.

In 2010, Chancellor Merkel and the German foreign minister are both expected to visit China. China hopes its German partner will learn lessons in the following areas:

First, Germany should take a broad and global view of bilateral relations with a view to guaranteeing long-term, steady and sustainable cooperation. The development of bilateral relations has an important bearing not only on economic prosperity, but also on the peace and stability of the whole world.

Second, Germany should respect China's core interests and concerns including full sovereignty, security, and national unity. This is an important political premise for the smooth development of relations between the two countries.

Third, Germany should adhere to the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and emphasize cooperation and win-win solutions. This will boost political trust and help build sustainable, steady and harmonious relations between the two countries.

The author is director of the Institute of World Development at the Development Research Center of the State Council.

(This article was translated by Li Jingrong.)