Acquiring new ideas while reviewing old knowledge

Gaining new ideas and insights through reviewing old knowledge is a well-known idea from The Analects of Confucius.

Generally, people may understand this idiom from two angles. One, reviewing old knowledge and acquiring new ideas operate in parallel: One can gain new inspiration while reviewing old knowledge. Two, reviewing old knowledge is the prerequisite for acquiring new ideas: One who does not review old knowledge will not be able to acquire new ideas. In this process, the new will replace the old, and the outdated will be abandoned.

Today, this idiom is used in a wider context, not just as a method for individuals to learn. Enterprises, organizations and countries can all apply the idea in making constant progress. It is used to explain the dialectic relations between the old and the new, the past and the present, the known and the unknown, and the enduring and the innovative.

In September 2014, Xi Jinping attended the opening of the International Conference Commemorating the 2,565th Anniversary of Confucius' Birth and the Fifth Congress of the International Confucian Association. He used this quotation in his address and emphasized that the knowledge passed down from generation to generation is a summary of important perceptions and experience regarding the relationships between human beings, society and nature, and the knowledge created today reflects contemporary wisdom and exploration. These two kinds of knowledge are both important to human development.

溫故而知新

“溫故而知新”出自《論語(yǔ)》，意為溫習(xí)舊有的知識(shí)，并獲得新的理解與體會(huì)。前人對(duì)“溫故而知新”的理解主要有兩種：其一，將“溫故”與“知新”理解為并列的兩方面，認(rèn)為在“溫故”的同時(shí)就逐步獲得新知，“知新”在“溫故”的過(guò)程中得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。其二，將“溫故”理解為“知新”的前提與基礎(chǔ)，認(rèn)為沒(méi)有“溫故”，就不可能“知新”，“新”是“故”的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，并且摒棄了其中陳腐的舊見(jiàn)。在今天，“溫故而知新”已經(jīng)超出一般學(xué)習(xí)方法的范疇，被視作個(gè)體、企業(yè)、組織甚至一個(gè)國(guó)家自我成長(zhǎng)的基本機(jī)理，涵蓋舊與新、古與今、已知與未知、繼承與創(chuàng)新等辯證思想。

2014年9月，習(xí)近平在紀(jì)念孔子誕辰2565周年國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)暨國(guó)際儒學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)第五屆會(huì)員大會(huì)開(kāi)幕會(huì)上引用“溫故而知新”，強(qiáng)調(diào)前人傳承的知識(shí)積累了人們歷史上對(duì)處理人、社會(huì)、自然三者關(guān)系的重要認(rèn)知和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，今人創(chuàng)造的知識(shí)形成了人們應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)代問(wèn)題的智慧和探索，這兩方面的知識(shí)對(duì)人類繼往開(kāi)來(lái)都十分重要。