The Second National Congress of the CPC

From July 16 to 23, 1922, the CPC held its Second National Congress in Shanghai, attended by 12 delegates representing the Party's 195 members nationwide. Chen Duxiu chaired the congress and delivered a report on the work of the Central Bureau. Zhang Guotao reported on the Chinese delegates' participation in early 1922 in the first congress of representatives from communist parties and national revolutionary organizations of the Far Eastern countries, and on China's First National Labor Congress in Guangzhou in early May. Shi Cuntong (1899-1970) reported on the First National Congress of the Socialist Youth League also held in Guangzhou in early May.

The congress elected a Central Executive Committee composed of five members – Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao, Cai Hesen (1895-1931), Gao Junyu (1896-1925) and Deng Zhongxia (1894-1933), and three alternate members. The Central Execution Committee then elected Chen Duxiu as its chairman.

The congress adopted the CPC's first Constitution, and formulated a maximum (future) program and a minimum (immediate) program for the Party. The congress defined the CPC as a party of the Chinese proletariat, and its goal as to "organize the proletariat to set up the labor-peasant dictatorship through class struggle, eliminate private ownership, and gradually build a communist society." This was the ultimate goal or maximum program of the Party. To accomplish this ultimate goal, the congress also outlined the Party's minimum program as to end civil strife, overthrow the warlords, and restore peace at home; cast off oppression by world imperialism, and attain complete independence of the Chinese nation; and unify the country and build it into a democratic republic in the true sense.

The congress initially defined the nature, targets, motive forces, tactics, tasks and goals of the Chinese revolution, and outlined the prospects of the revolution. For the first time, it drew up a program of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution, pointing out the direction for the revolution of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. All this work was of far-reaching significance.

中國共產(chǎn)黨第二次全國代表大會

1922年7月16日至23日，中國共產(chǎn)黨第二次全國代表大會在上海舉行。出席會議的代表12人，代表全國195名黨員。陳獨秀主持大會，代表中央局作工作報告。張國燾報告出席遠(yuǎn)東各國共產(chǎn)黨及民族革命團(tuán)體第一次代表大會的經(jīng)過以及第一次全國勞動大會的情況。施存統(tǒng)報告社會主義青年團(tuán)第一次全國代表大會的情況。大會選出由陳獨秀、張國燾、蔡和森、高君宇、鄧中夏等5名委員和3名候補(bǔ)委員組成的中央執(zhí)行委員會，中央執(zhí)行委員會推選陳獨秀為委員長。

大會通過了中國共產(chǎn)黨的第一個章程，并根據(jù)世界革命形勢和中國政治經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，制定了黨的最高綱領(lǐng)和最低綱領(lǐng)。大會宣言指出，中國共產(chǎn)黨是中國無產(chǎn)階級政黨，它的目的是要“組織無產(chǎn)階級，用階級斗爭的手段，建立勞農(nóng)專政的政治，鏟除私有財產(chǎn)制度，漸次達(dá)到一個共產(chǎn)主義的社會”。這是黨的最終奮斗目標(biāo)，即黨的最高綱領(lǐng)。為了實現(xiàn)黨的最高綱領(lǐng)，大會提出在當(dāng)時歷史條件下的最低綱領(lǐng)：消除內(nèi)亂，打倒軍閥，建設(shè)國內(nèi)和平；推翻國際帝國主義的壓迫，達(dá)到中華民族完全獨立；統(tǒng)一中國為真正的民主共和國。

中共二大初步闡明了中國革命的性質(zhì)、對象、動力、策略、任務(wù)和目標(biāo)，指明了中國革命的前途；第一次明確提出了徹底的反帝反封建的民主革命綱領(lǐng)，為中國各民族人民的革命斗爭指明了方向，具有重大而深遠(yuǎn)的意義。