The Sixth National Congress of the CPC

After the Great Revolution had failed, the CPC was forced to embark on a new course of taking leadership of the revolution on its own. It urgently needed to hold a national meeting to discuss the status of Chinese society and its impact on vital issues such as the nature, targets, motives and future of the Chinese revolution. 

From June 18 to July 11, 1928, the CPC held its Sixth National Congress secretly in Moscow. Participating in the congress were 142 delegates, including 84 formal delegates with voting rights. On behalf of the Fifth Central Committee, Qu Qiubai delivered a political report entitled "The Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party." Zhou Enlai reported on the organization and military affairs, Li Lisan reported on the issue of the peasants, Xiang Zhongfa (1880-1931), on the workers' movement. Comintern representative Nikolai Bukharin (1888-1938) talked about the Chinese revolution and the CPC's tasks.

The Sixth CPC National Congress adopted a number of resolutions on politics, the military, organization, the Soviet regime, the peasants, land, the workers, publicity, ethnicity, women, and the Youth League, and reviewed and adopted a revised Party Constitution. The participants elected a new Central Committee and a Central Review Committee.

The Sixth Central Committee elected a new Political Bureau at its first plenary session after the congress, and elected Su Zhaozheng (1885-1929), Xiang Zhongfa, Xiang Ying (1898-1941), Zhou Enlai and Cai Hesen as members of the Standing Committee, and Li Lisan, Yang Yin (1892-1929) and Xu Xigen (1903-?) as alternate members. Xiang Zhongfa was elected to be chairman of the Political Bureau and of its Standing Committee, while Zhou Enlai was elected secretary-general of the Standing Committee.

The Sixth CPC National Congress was a meeting of historic significance that was held at a particular moment under special conditions. It reviewed the Party's experience since the failure of the Great Revolution and provided basically correct answers to a series of essential questions concerning the Chinese revolution. These included two questions over which there had been heated controversy in the Party. (1) Regarding the nature of Chinese society and Chinese revolution, it concluded that since China was still a semi-colonial, semi-feudal country and since none of the basic problems that had given rise to the revolution had been resolved, it was still a bourgeois-democratic revolution. (2) Regarding the situation of the Chinese revolution and the tasks ahead, the congress concluded that since the revolution was on the low ebb, the Party needed to gain the support of the people, and shift its efforts from organizing uprisings by every possible means to undertaking patient, long-term work among the people.

Due to the historical conditions, the Sixth National Congress of the Party did not provide a full understanding of the characteristics, central tasks and adversaries of the Chinese revolution. But its resolutions did help unify the thinking of the whole Party and play a positive role in the revolution.

中國共產黨第六次全國代表大會

大革命失敗后，中國共產黨開始走上了獨立領導中國革命的道路。在關于中國社會性質以及革命性質、對象、動力、前途等關系革命成敗的重大問題上，迫切需要召開一次黨的全國代表大會認真加以解決。

1928年6月18日至7月11日，中國共產黨第六次全國代表大會在莫斯科秘密召開。出席大會的代表共142人，其中有表決權的正式代表為84人。瞿秋白代表第五屆中央委員會作《中國革命與共產黨》的政治報告，周恩來作組織報告和軍事報告，李立三作農民問題報告，向忠發作職工運動報告，共產國際代表布哈林作《中國革命與中國共產黨的任務》的報告。

中共六大通過了關于政治、軍事、組織、蘇維埃政權、農民、土地、職工、宣傳、民族、婦女、青年團等問題的決議，審議通過經修改的《中國共產黨章程》。大會選舉產生了新一屆中央委員會和中央審查委員會。隨后召開的中共六屆一中全會選出中央政治局，并選舉蘇兆征、向忠發、項英、周恩來、蔡和森為中央政治局常委會委員，李立三、楊殷、徐錫根為中央政治局常委會候補委員，選舉向忠發為中央政治局主席兼中央政治局常委會主席，周恩來為中央政治局常委會秘書長。

中共六大是在特定歷史時期和歷史條件下召開的具有重大歷史意義的會議。大會認真總結了大革命失敗以來的經驗教訓，在一系列有關中國革命的根本問題上作出了基本正確的回答。它集中解決了當時困擾中國共產黨的兩大問題：一是在中國社會性質和革命性質問題上，指出現階段的中國仍然是半殖民地半封建社會的國家，引起中國革命的基本矛盾一個也沒有解決，現階段的中國革命是資產階級性質的民主主義革命。二是在革命形勢和黨的任務問題上，明確了革命處于低潮，黨的總路線是爭取群眾，黨的中心工作不是千方百計地組織暴動，而是做艱苦的群眾工作，積蓄力量。由于歷史發展的局限性，中共六大對中國革命的特點、中國革命的中心問題、中國革命的敵人、中國共產黨的工作重心等問題認識不足，但大會決議傳達貫徹后，基本上統一了全黨思想，對革命運動的發展產生了積極的作用。