The Three-Step Strategy for Development

As reform and opening up began, the CPC formulated a strategic plan for China's socialist modernization. Unveiled at the 13th CPC National Congress in October 1987, the strategy envisaged three steps for economic development. It drew upon Deng Xiaoping's strategic conclusions. The underlying assumption was that the major challenge in the primary stage of socialism was how to address the inadequate level of development and to satisfy the people's growing material and cultural needs. Aimed at raising the level of development to improve the people's wellbeing, the strategy outlined specific targets for each of the three steps.

First, the years from 1981 to the end of the 1980s would see the doubling of the 1980 GNP, thus meeting the most basic needs of the people; second, GNP would double again between 1991 and the end of the 20th century, bringing the people moderate prosperity; third, with the process of modernization basically completed, per capita GNP was expected to reach the level of a moderately developed country by the mid-21st century, further improving the people's wellbeing.

At its 15th National Congress held in September 1997, the CPC further modified the third step as: first, to double the 2000 GNP by 2010, bring the people greater prosperity, and build a relatively complete socialist market economy; second, to further develop the economy and have a full range of relevant systems in place by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021; and third, to accomplish basic modernization and build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced socialist country by the time the People's Republic celebrates its centenary in 2049.

At its 19th National Congress in October 2017, the CPC renewed the development goals for the period between 2020 and 2050. The first step is to realize basic modernization by 2035, and the second step is to further develop China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful by the mid-21st century.

The three-step strategy for development combined a forward-looking vision for building a prosperous China with prudent and careful planning. As a major blueprint guiding the CPC to advance socialism with Chinese characteristics, it combined the courage and ambition of the Party and the Chinese people with a pragmatic approach rooted in a deep understanding of China's existing conditions.

“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略

改革開(kāi)放之后，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)作出戰(zhàn)略安排，提出“三步走”戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。1987年10月，中共十三大根據(jù)鄧小平的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想，明確而系統(tǒng)地闡述了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展分“三步走”的戰(zhàn)略部署。它以社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本矛盾，即人民日益增長(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)文化需要同落后的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾為線索，以社會(huì)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展水平和相應(yīng)的人民生活水平為標(biāo)志，來(lái)劃分經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略步驟并確定每一步所要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)。

“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的具體目標(biāo)為：第一步，1981年到20世紀(jì)80年代末，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番，解決人民的溫飽問(wèn)題。第二步，1991年到20世紀(jì)末，使國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值再增長(zhǎng)一倍，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平。第三步，到21世紀(jì)中葉，人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平，人民生活比較富裕，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。

1997年9月，中共十五大在“三步走”戰(zhàn)略的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)第三步戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)制定了具體規(guī)劃：第一個(gè)10年，即到2010年，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻一番，使人民的小康生活更加富裕，形成比較完善的社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制；再經(jīng)過(guò)10年的努力，到建黨100年時(shí)，使國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)更加發(fā)展，各項(xiàng)制度更加完善；到21世紀(jì)中葉新中國(guó)成立100年時(shí)，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，建成富強(qiáng)民主文明的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。

2017年10月，中共十九大綜合分析國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)和中國(guó)發(fā)展條件，將2020年到21世紀(jì)中葉的30年分兩個(gè)階段作出規(guī)劃安排：第一個(gè)階段，從2020年到2035年，在全面建成小康社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)上，再奮斗15年，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化。第二個(gè)階段，從2035年到21世紀(jì)中葉，在基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的基礎(chǔ)上，再奮斗15年，建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧美麗的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)。

“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，對(duì)中華民族百年圖強(qiáng)的宏偉目標(biāo)作了積極而穩(wěn)妥的規(guī)劃，既體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨和中國(guó)人民勇于進(jìn)取的精神，又反映了從實(shí)際出發(fā)、遵循客觀規(guī)律的科學(xué)精神，是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨探索中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義建設(shè)規(guī)律的重大成果。