Modernizing the National Governance System and Capacity

At its third plenary session held in November 2013, the 18th CPC Central Committee stated that the overarching goal of comprehensively expanding in-depth reform is to refine and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to modernize the national governance system and capacity.

The governance system and capacity of a country are embodied in its institutions and its ability to execute the institutions.

China's national governance system is a system of institutions for managing the country under the CPC's leadership. These include economic, political, cultural, social, eco-environmental, and Party development mechanisms and institutions, as well as laws, regulations and plans. These are a complete set of tightly linked and coordinated national institutions. 

China's national governance capacity is defined by its ability to use these institutions to manage various aspects of society, including reform, development and stability; internal affairs, foreign relations and national defense; and governance of the Party, the nation and the armed forces.

At its fourth plenary session held in October 2019, the 19th CPC Central Committee adopted a decision on upholding and improving China's socialist system and modernizing the national governance system and capacity. The document set the following goals: rendering systems in all areas better-defined and more mature by the time of the CPC's centenary; further improving systems in all fields and achieving basic modernization of the national governance system and capacity by 2035; and realizing full modernization of the national governance system and capacity by the time of the PRC's centenary, with China's socialist system further consolidated and its strengths fully deployed.

The governance systems that a country adopts are determined by its history and culture, the nature of its society, and the stage of economic development it has reached. China's socialist system and governance system did not appear from nowhere, but emerged from Chinese soil through a long process of revolution, economic development, and reform. They result from the application of the tenets of Marxism to China's conditions and are the outcome of a range of innovations in theory, practice and systems. They crystalize the wisdom of the Party and the people, and are in alignment with the Party's history, theory and practice.

The fundamental reason that the Chinese nation has risen up, become prosperous, and grown in strength over the seven decades since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 is that the CPC has led the people in establishing and improving the Chinese socialist system, in forming and developing systems for the Party's leadership, the economy, politics, culture, society, eco-environmental conservation, the military, and foreign affairs, and in enhancing national governance.

國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化

2013年11月召開(kāi)的中共十八屆三中全會(huì)提出，全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)是完善和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度，推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。

國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力是一個(gè)國(guó)家的制度和制度執(zhí)行能力的集中體現(xiàn)。國(guó)家治理體系是在黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下管理國(guó)家的制度體系，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)、生態(tài)文明和黨的建設(shè)等各領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制、法律法規(guī)安排，也就是一整套緊密相連、相互協(xié)調(diào)的國(guó)家制度。國(guó)家治理能力是運(yùn)用國(guó)家制度管理社會(huì)各方面事務(wù)的能力，包括改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定、內(nèi)政外交國(guó)防、治黨治國(guó)治軍等各個(gè)方面。

2019年10月，中共十九屆四中全會(huì)審議通過(guò)了《中共中央關(guān)于堅(jiān)持和完善中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度、推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化若干重大問(wèn)題的決定》，明確提出堅(jiān)持和完善中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度，推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的總體目標(biāo)：到中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100年時(shí)，在各方面制度更加成熟更加定型上取得明顯成效；到2035年，各方面制度更加完善，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化；到新中國(guó)成立100年時(shí)，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化，使中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度更加鞏固、優(yōu)越性充分展現(xiàn)。

一個(gè)國(guó)家選擇什么樣的國(guó)家制度和國(guó)家治理體系，是由這個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史文化、社會(huì)性質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平?jīng)Q定的。中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度和國(guó)家治理體系不是從天上掉下來(lái)的，而是在中國(guó)的社會(huì)土壤中生長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的，是經(jīng)過(guò)革命、建設(shè)、改革長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐形成的，是馬克思主義基本原理同中國(guó)具體實(shí)際相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，是理論創(chuàng)新、實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新相統(tǒng)一的成果，凝結(jié)著中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨和中國(guó)人民的智慧，具有深刻的歷史邏輯、理論邏輯、實(shí)踐邏輯。新中國(guó)成立70多年來(lái)，中華民族之所以能迎來(lái)從站起來(lái)、富起來(lái)到強(qiáng)起來(lái)的偉大飛躍，最根本的是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民建立和完善了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度，形成和發(fā)展了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)、生態(tài)文明、軍事、外事等各方面制度，不斷加強(qiáng)和完善國(guó)家治理。