Reform of the Leadership and Command System

The reform of the leadership and command system is a significant measure in response to the call for a modern and specialized military capable of fighting and winning wars in the information age. The goal is to improve the operational effectiveness and development efficiency of the military. Adhering to the general principle of "the CMC exercising overall leadership, the theater commands (TCs) responsible for military operations, and the services focusing on developing capabilities," the PLA upholds the CMC's centralized and unified leadership and its functions of strategic command and management. The PLA has dismantled the long-established systems of general departments, military area commands (MACs) and the force composition with a dominating land force, and established new leadership, management and operational command systems.

The previous four general departments have been replaced by 15 functional organs under the CMC. Measures have been adopted to improve the leadership and management systems of the military branches.

The PLA has:

established the PLAA leading organs;

established the PLA Strategic Support Force (PLASSF); 

renamed the Second Artillery Force the PLARF; and 

established the PLAJLSF. 

Thus, a CMC-Services-Troops leadership and management system has been put in place.

Changes have also been made to the PAP by adopting a CMC-PAP-Troops system to put the PAP under the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee and the CMC.

Measures to improve joint operations command system include improving the joint operations command organ of the CMC and establishing five TCs. A CMC-TCs-Troops command system is now in place. 

Also important is the improvement of law-based supervision system. The Chinese military has established the CMC Discipline Inspection Commission (CMCDIC, also the CMC Supervision Commission, CMCSC), the CMC Political and Legal Affairs Commission (CMCPLC) and the CMC Audit Office (CMCAO). Thus, power is exercised in a way that decision-making, execution and supervision check each other and function in coordination.

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)指揮體制改革

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)指揮體制改革是適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代軍隊(duì)專業(yè)化分工和信息時(shí)代能打仗、打勝仗的要求，提高軍隊(duì)作戰(zhàn)效能和建設(shè)效益的重大舉措。按照“軍委管總、戰(zhàn)區(qū)主戰(zhàn)、軍種主建”原則，強(qiáng)化軍委集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和戰(zhàn)略指揮、戰(zhàn)略管理功能，打破長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行的總部體制、大軍區(qū)體制、大陸軍體制，構(gòu)建新的軍隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理和作戰(zhàn)指揮體制。

調(diào)整組建新的軍委機(jī)關(guān)部門，由過去的四總部調(diào)整為軍委機(jī)關(guān)15個(gè)職能部門。完善軍兵種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體制，成立陸軍領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)，成立戰(zhàn)略支援部隊(duì)，第二炮兵更名為火箭軍，成立聯(lián)勤保障部隊(duì)，構(gòu)建起“中央軍委—軍種—部隊(duì)”的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體系。

調(diào)整武警部隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)指揮體制，中共中央和中央軍委對(duì)武警部隊(duì)實(shí)行集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，實(shí)行“中央軍委—武警部隊(duì)—部隊(duì)”領(lǐng)導(dǎo)指揮體制。

建立健全聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮體制，健全軍委聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮機(jī)構(gòu)，組建戰(zhàn)區(qū)聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮機(jī)構(gòu)，成立5個(gè)戰(zhàn)區(qū)，構(gòu)建起“中央軍委—戰(zhàn)區(qū)—部隊(duì)”的作戰(zhàn)指揮體系。

建立健全法治監(jiān)督體系，組建新的軍委紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)（軍委監(jiān)察委員會(huì)），組建新的軍委政法委員會(huì)，組建軍委審計(jì)署，形成決策權(quán)、執(zhí)行權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)既相互制約又相互協(xié)調(diào)的權(quán)力運(yùn)行體系。