光伏扶貧

光伏扶貧是資產(chǎn)收益扶貧的有效方式，是產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧的有效途徑。光伏發(fā)電清潔環(huán)保、技術(shù)可靠、收益穩(wěn)定，既適合建設(shè)戶用和村級小電站，也適合建設(shè)較大規(guī)模的集中式電站，還可以結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)開展多種“光伏+”應(yīng)用。在光照資源條件較好的地區(qū)因地制宜開展光伏扶貧，既符合精準(zhǔn)扶貧精準(zhǔn)脫貧戰(zhàn)略，又符合國家清潔低碳能源發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略；既有利于擴(kuò)大光伏發(fā)電市場，又有利于促進(jìn)貧困人口穩(wěn)收增收。

從各地的實踐看，光伏扶貧主要有四種類型：（1）戶用光伏發(fā)電扶貧。利用貧困戶屋頂或院落空地建設(shè)3?5KW的發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，產(chǎn)權(quán)和收益均歸貧困戶所有。（2）村級光伏電站扶貧。以村集體為建設(shè)主體，利用村集體的土地建設(shè)100?300KW的小型電站，產(chǎn)權(quán)歸村集體所有，收益由村集體、貧困戶按比例分配。（3）光伏大棚扶貧。利用農(nóng)業(yè)大棚等現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施現(xiàn)有支架建設(shè)的光伏電站，產(chǎn)權(quán)歸投資企業(yè)和貧困戶共有。（4）光伏地面電站扶貧。利用荒山荒坡建設(shè)10MW以上的大型地面光伏電站，產(chǎn)權(quán)歸投資企業(yè)所有，之后企業(yè)捐贈一部分股權(quán)，由當(dāng)?shù)卣畬⑦@部分股權(quán)收益分配給貧困戶。

Photovoltage Projects for Poverty Alleviation

Photovoltage (PV) projects have proved effective in China's poverty alleviation efforts. Supported by reliable technologies, such clean power projects can produce stable incomes for the poor and benefit local development. The necessary equipment can be easily installed in small solar stations run by households or villages, or in large solar plants. They can also provide power for agriculture and forestry.

PV projects are especially suitable in places with a lot of sunshine. This also fits with China's strategy of developing clean and low-carbon energies.

PV projects of varying scales can be flexed according to local conditions: 

(1) 3-5KW solar facilities for household use can stand on rooftops or in the courtyards of rural households, with the property rights and incomes belonging to the households; 

(2) 100-300KW solar installations for village use can be erected on collectively owned village land, with the property rights belonging to the village and the benefits shared by the village and poor households; 

(3) PV plants based on greenhouses, with the property rights jointly owned by the investing enterprises and the poor households; and

(4) 10MW-plus PV plants can extend on unused mountain slopes, with the property rights owned by the investing enterprises, which will donate some shares from which the benefits will be distributed to poor households by the local government.