貧困代際傳遞

貧困代際傳遞是指貧困以及導(dǎo)致貧困的相關(guān)條件和因素，在家庭內(nèi)部由父母?jìng)鬟f給子女，使子女在成年后重復(fù)父母的境遇--繼承父母的貧困和不利因素并將貧困和不利因素傳遞給后代的惡性遺傳鏈；也指在一定的社區(qū)或階層范圍內(nèi)，貧困以及導(dǎo)致貧困的相關(guān)條件和因素在代際之間延續(xù)，使后代重復(fù)前代的貧困境遇。

教育是阻斷貧困代際傳遞的治本之策。目前，一些貧困地區(qū)的教育發(fā)展面臨很大困難，由于各種原因，貧困家庭孩子輟學(xué)失學(xué)還比較多，“讀書(shū)無(wú)用論”觀點(diǎn)也有所蔓延，不少貧困家庭子女受教育程度同普通家庭的差距正在擴(kuò)大。貧困地區(qū)教育事業(yè)是管長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的，必須下大氣力抓好。脫貧攻堅(jiān)期內(nèi)，職業(yè)教育培訓(xùn)是工作重點(diǎn)。一個(gè)貧困家庭的孩子如果能接受職業(yè)教育，掌握一技之長(zhǎng)并順利就業(yè)，這一戶脫貧就有希望了。國(guó)家教育經(jīng)費(fèi)要繼續(xù)向貧困地區(qū)傾斜、向基礎(chǔ)教育傾斜、向職業(yè)教育傾斜，特崗計(jì)劃、國(guó)培計(jì)劃同樣要向貧困地區(qū)基層傾斜。要幫助貧困地區(qū)改善辦學(xué)條件，加大支持鄉(xiāng)村教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)力度，建立省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌鄉(xiāng)村教師補(bǔ)充機(jī)制。要探索率先從建檔立卡的貧困家庭學(xué)生開(kāi)始實(shí)施普通高中教育免學(xué)（雜）費(fèi)，落實(shí)中等職業(yè)教育免學(xué)（雜）費(fèi)，大城市優(yōu)質(zhì)學(xué)校同貧困地區(qū)學(xué)校結(jié)對(duì)等幫扶政策。要對(duì)農(nóng)村貧困家庭幼兒特別是留守兒童給予特殊關(guān)愛(ài)，探索建立貧困地區(qū)學(xué)前教育公共服務(wù)體系。

Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty

Intergenerational transmission of poverty is a vicious circle under which conditions and factors that cause poverty are passed down from parents to children, who will inherit these same conditions and factors and pass them down to their children. The phenomenon can also exist in particular communities or social strata, and thus poverty is passed down from generation to generation.

Education is an effective way to prevent intergenerational transmission of poverty. At present, impoverished areas face difficulties in education, and there are many school dropouts from poor families. The idea that "education is useless" is widespread among such people. The gap between the education of children from poor families and that from ordinary families is widening. Education has far-reaching significance to the poor regions, and needs to be addressed with great effort.

Vocational education and training are essential to China's poverty elimination before 2020. If children from underprivileged households can receive vocational education and acquire some skills for future employment, their families will have better prospects of escaping poverty.

National education funds will continue to be weighted toward poor regions, for basic and vocational education, as will the state training program for special posts and national teachers' training program. The conditions of schools in poor areas will be improved, rural teachers will receive more support, and a mechanism will be put in place whereby the provincial government will coordinate the replenishment of rural teachers. Senior high school students from families registered as living under the poverty line will be the first to be exempt from tuition and related fees, students of secondary vocational schools will also be exempt from tuition and related fees, and schools with good education resources in major cities will be paired up with those in poor regions to provide assistance to the latter. Particular care will be given to preschool children of rural poor families and left-behind children whose parents are working away from home, and a system for public services will be set up for preschool education in impoverished areas.