Private Sector of the Economy

China’s private sector has flourished since the adoption of reform and opening up in 1978, in keeping with the CPC’s guidelines and policies. The basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and diverse forms of ownership develop side by side is a pivotal part of socialism with Chinese characteristics as well as an essential requirement for improving the socialist market economy. 

At its third plenary session in 2013, the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out that both the public and the private sectors are key components of the socialist market economy and are important foundations for the economic and social development of China.

By the end of 2017, there were more than 27 million private enterprises and more than 65 million individually-owned businesses, with a registered capital exceeding 165 trillion yuan. The private sector contributes more than 50 percent of China’s tax revenues, more than 60 percent of GDP, more than 70 percent of technological innovations, more than 80 percent of urban employment, and more than 90 percent of enterprises. In 2010 only one Chinese private enterprise was in the world’s Top 500 list; that number had grown to 28 in 2018.

The private sector has become an indispensable force behind China’s development. It is a major creator of jobs and start-ups, an essential player in technological innovation, and a major source of the country’s tax revenue. It has played an important role in bolstering the market economy, transformation of government function, transfer of surplus rural labor force, and expansion of the international market. 

The private sector is an essential component of the Chinese economic system, and an important fruit of the socialist market economy, which will in turn propel the socialist market economy. It is a major player in boosting supply-side structural reform, backing high-quality development and building a modernized economy. It is also an important force supporting the CPC’s long-term governance and uniting and leading the whole nation in realizing the Two Centennial Goals and the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. 

非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)

非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，是改革開放以來在黨的方針政策指引下發(fā)展起來的。公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，是中國特色社會主義制度的重要組成部分，也是完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的必然要求。中共十八屆三中全會提出，公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)和非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)都是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分，都是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)。截至2017年底，中國民營企業(yè)數(shù)量超過2700萬家，個(gè)體工商戶超過6500萬戶，注冊資本超過165萬億元。概括起來說，民營經(jīng)濟(jì)具有“五六七八九”的特征，即貢獻(xiàn)了50%以上的稅收，60%以上的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值，70%以上的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新成果，80%以上的城鎮(zhèn)勞動就業(yè)，90%以上的企業(yè)數(shù)量。在世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)中，中國民營企業(yè)由2010年的1家增加到2018年的28家。民營經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成為推動中國發(fā)展不可或缺的力量，成為創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)的主要領(lǐng)域、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的重要主體、國家稅收的重要來源，為中國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變、農(nóng)村富余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移、國際市場開拓等發(fā)揮了重要作用。民營經(jīng)濟(jì)是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的內(nèi)在要素，是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要成果，是推動社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要力量，是推進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革、推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展、建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的重要主體，也是中國共產(chǎn)黨長期執(zhí)政、團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全國人民實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)和中華民族偉大復(fù)興中國夢的重要力量。在全面建成小康社會、進(jìn)而全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家的新征程中，中國的民營經(jīng)濟(jì)只能壯大、不能弱化。