Reform of the National Supervision System
Reform of the national supervision system is an important, cross-cutting political institutional reform measure. Pilot reform projects were rolled out in November 2016 in Beijing, Shanxi, and Zhejiang to explore the feasibility of establishing supervisory commissions at the provincial and local levels.
The report to the 19th CPC National Congress set the task to further reform the national supervision system, extend trial projects throughout the country, and establish supervisory commissions at the national, provincial, prefectural, and county levels, which work together with the Party’s disciplinary inspection commissions as one office while keeping their own identity. This will ensure that supervision covers everyone working in the public sector who exercises public power. A national supervision law will be formulated. Supervisory commissions will be given responsibilities, powers, and means of investigation in accordance with law. The practice of shuanggui (A form of intraparty disciplinary action that requires a Party member under investigation to cooperate with questioning at a designated place and a designated time.) will be replaced by detention.
A draft decision on expanding pilot projects on reform of supervision system throughout the country was adopted in October 2017 by the Standing Committee of the 12th National People’s Congress at its 30th session. People’s congresses at the provincial, municipal or county levels convened at the end of 2017 or at the beginning of 2018 all established supervisory commissions. Reform of supervision system will dovetail with elections of deputies to local people’s congresses, and proceed as part of an integrated effort to enforce strict Party discipline, pursue in-depth reform, and promote the rule of law.
國家監察體制改革
國家監察體制改革是中國的一項事關全局的重大政治體制改革舉措。2016年11月,中國在北京市、山西省、浙江省開展國家監察體制改革試點,探索在上述3省市設立各級監察委員會。中共十九大報告提出,深化國家監察體制改革,將試點工作在全國推開,組建國家、省、市、縣監察委員會,同黨的紀律檢查機關合署辦公,實現對所有行使公權力的公職人員監察全覆蓋。制定國家監察法,依法賦予監察委員會職責權限和調查手段,用留置取代“兩規”措施。2017年10月,十二屆全國人大常委會第三十次會議審議通過全國人大常委會關于在全國各地推開國家監察體制改革試點工作的決定草案。2017底2018年初召開的省、市、縣人民代表大會全部產生監察委員會。監察體制改革與地方人大換屆工作緊密銜接,將推動改革持續深入,實現全面從嚴治黨與全面深化改革、全面依法治國有機統一。