Over 528,000 people were recruited as civil servants through examinations in China from 2006 to 2009, says a white paper issued by the Information Office of the State Council Friday.

According to the white paper, "China's Human Resources", China has adopted a system of classified management of cadres based on different characteristics of Party and government organs, public institutions and state-owned enterprises since the reform and opening-up policies were introduced in 1978.

The civil servant system has been implemented in Party and government organs. And a competitive mechanism, under which open selection, competition for positions and other competitive methods are used for cadre selection from appointment to promotion, has been introduced, the paper says.

From 2003 to 2009, a total of 40,000 leading cadres of the Party and government were appointed through open selection, and 339,000 Party and government cadres at different levels took leading posts through competition.

Besides, cadre transfer work has been improved and has been institutionalized at key departments and critical posts, the white paper says.

From 2003 to 2009, a total of 2.302 million cadres were transferred around China, it says.

According to the white paper, a personnel employment system has been introduced in public institutions.

By the end of 2009, some 80 percent of the total staff in public institutions around China had signed employment contracts.

In 2009, over 80 percent of all the new employees in public institutions in 22 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government were recruited through open recruitment.

Personnel system of state-owned enterprises has also been improved, the white paper says.

In line with the requirements of the modern corporate system, state-owned enterprises have started to form standard boards of directors, providing an institutional guarantee for the sustained, rapid and healthy development of these enterprises, it adds.

From 2003 to 2009, the number of managerial and administrative personnel employed by way of open recruitment and competition for positions increased from 334,000 to 521,000, the white paper says.